Overview & Needs Assesment

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3. Blay SL, Andreoli SB, Gastal FL. Chronic painful physical conditions, disturbed sleep and psychiatric morbidity: results from an elderly survey. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul-Sep;19(3):169-174.
4. Von Korff M, Lin EH, Fenton JJ, Saunders K. Frequency and priority of pain patients' health care use. Clin J Pain. 2007 Jun;23(5):400-408.
5. Stewart, W.F., Ricci, J.A., Chee, E., Morganstein, D., & Lipton, R. (2003). Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(18), 2443-2454.

Module 8

1. Gureje O, Von Korff M, Simon GE, Gater R. Persistent pain and well-being: a World Health Organization Study in Primary Care. JAMA. 1998;280:147-151.
2. Deyo RA, Tsui-Wu YJ. Descriptive epidemiology of low-back pain and its related medical care in the United States. Spine. 1987;12:264-268.
3. Boden SD, Davis DO, Dina TS, Patronas NJ, Wiesel SW. Abnormal magnetic resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. A prospective investigation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990;72:403-408.
4. Von Korff M, Saunders K. The course of back pain in primary care. Spine. 1996;21:2833-2939.
5. Cohen R, Chopra P, Upshur C. Primary care work-up of acute and chronic symptoms. Geriatrics. 2001;56:26-27.
6. Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low back pain. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:363-370.
7. Chou R, Huffman LH; American Pain Society; American College of Physicians. Medications for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(7):505-514. Erratum in Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(3):247-248.
8. Chou R, Huffman LH; American Pain Society; American College of Physicians. Nonpharmacologic therapies for acute and chronic low back pain: a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society/American College of Physicians clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(7):492-504.
9. Chou R, Qaseem A, Snow V, Casey D, Cross JT Jr, Shekelle P, Owens DK; Clinical Efficacy Assessment Subcommittee of the American College of Physicians; American College of Physicians; American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guidelines Panel. Diagnosis and treatment of low back pain: a joint clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(7):478-491. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2008 Feb 5;148(3):247-248.
10. Chou R, Loeser J, Owens D, Rosenquist R, Atlas S, Baisden J, Carragee E, Grabois M, Murphy D, Resnick D, Stanos S, Shaffer W, Wall E; For the American Pain Society Low Back Pain Guideline Panel. Interventional Therapies, Surgery, and Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation for Low Back Pain: An Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the American Pain Society. Spine. 2009;34(10):1066-1077.
11. Manniche C, Hesselsoe G, Bentzen L, Christensen I, Lundberg E. Clinical trial of intensive muscle training for chronic low back pain. Lancet. 1988;2:1473-1476.
12. Frost H, Lamb SE, Klaber Moffett JA, Fairbank JC, Moser JS. A fitness programme for patients with chronic low back pain: 2-year follow-up of a randomised controlled trial. Pain. 1998;75:273-279.
13. Hansson TH, Hansson EK. The effects of common medical interventions on pain, back function, and work resumption in patients with chronic low back pain: A prospective 2-year cohort study in six countries. Spine. 2000;25:3055-3064.
14. Sanders SH, Harden RN, Vicente PJ. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for interdisciplinary rehabilitation of chronic nonmalignant pain syndrome patients. Pain Pract. 2005 5:303-315.
15. Guzman J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, et. al.  Multidisciplinary bio-psycho-social rehabilitation for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(1):CD000963.
16. Manheimer E, White A, Berman B, Forys K, Ernst E. Meta-analysis: acupuncture for low back pain. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Apr 19;142(8):651-663.
17. Bronfort G, Haas M, Evans RL, Bouter LM. Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis. Spine J. 2004;4:335-356.
18. Linton SJ, Andersson T. Can chronic disability be prevented? A randomized trial of a cognitive-behavior intervention and two forms of information for patients with spinal pain. Spine. 2000;25:2825-2831.
19. Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK. Treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. Osteoporos Int. 2001;12:429-437.
20. Gold DT. The clinical impact of vertebral fractures: quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Bone. 1996;18:185S-189S.
21. Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Adachi JD, et al. Quality of life issues in women with vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1993;36: 750-756.
22. Measuring quality of life in women with osteoporosis. Osteoporosis Quality of Life Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7:478-487.
23. Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, Adachi JD, et al. Development and validation of the miniosteoporosis quality of life questionnaire (OQLQ) in osteoporotic women with back pain due to vertebral fractures. Osteoporosis Quality of Life Study Group. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10:207-213.
24. Zetterberg C, Mannius S, Mellstrom D, Rundgren A, Astrand K. Osteoporosis and back pain in the elderly. A controlled epidemiologic and radiographic study. Spine. 1990;15:783-786.
25. Ringe JD, Farahmand P, Faber H, Dorst A. Sustained efficacy of risedronate in men with primary and secondary osteoporosis: results of a 2-year study. Rheumatol Int. 2009;29(3):311-315.
26. Kennel KA, Drake MT. Adverse effects of bisphosphonates: implications for osteoporosis management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84(7):632-637.
27. Papapetrou PD. Bisphosphonate-associated adverse events. Hormones. 2009;8(2):96-110.
28. Lyritis GP, Trovas G. Analgesic effects of calcitonin. Bone. 2002;30:71S-74S.
29. Pun KK, Chan LW. Analgesic effect of intranasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Clin Ther. 1989;11:205-209.
30. Silverman SL, Azria M. The analgesic role of calcitonin following osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2002;13:858-867.
31. McGraw JK, Cardella J, Barr JD, et al. Society of interventional radiology quality improvement guidelines for percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2003;14:S311-315.
32. Tanner SB. Back pain, vertebroplasty, and kyphoplasty: treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases. 2003;52.
33. Kallmes DF, Comstock BA, Heagerty PJ, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for osteoporotic spinal fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(6):569-579.
34. Buchbinder R, Osborne RH, Ebeling PR, et al. A randomized trial of vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(6):557-568.
35. Phillips FM, Ho E, Campbell-Hupp M, McNally T, Todd Wetzel F, Gupta P. Early radiographic and clinical results of balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine. 2003;28:2260-2265.
36. Wardlaw D, Cummings SR, Van Meirhaeghe J, et al. Efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty compared with non-surgical care for vertebral compression fracture (FREE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;373(9668):1016-1024.
37. Manek NJ, Lane NE. Baseline Program. In: Moskowitz RW, Howell DS, Altman RD, Buckwalter JA, Goldberg VM, eds. Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/ Surgical Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company; 2001:361-370.
38. Simon LS, Lipman AG, Jacox A, et al. Guideline for the Management of Pain in Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis. 2nd ed. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2002.
39. Meenan RF, Gertman PM, Mason JH. Measuring health status in arthritis: the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23: 146-152.
40. Fries JF, Spitz P, Krames RG, Holman HR. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23:137-145.
41. Shiely JC, Bayliss MS, Keller SD. SF-36 Health Survey. Boston: The Health Institute, New England Medical Center; 1996.
42. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1905-1915.
43. Exercise prescription for older adults with osteoarthritis pain: consensus practice recommendations. A supplement to the AGS Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:808-823.
44. Zhang W, Moskowitz RW, Nuki G, et al. OARSI recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis, Part II: OARSI evidence-based, expert consensus guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008;16(2):137-162.
45. Fidelix TS.A., Soares B, Fernandes Moça Trevisani V. Diacerein for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD005117.
46. Florent R, Olivier B, Olivier E et al. Structural and Symptomatic Efficacy of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in Knee Osteoarthritis A Comprehensive Meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:1514-1522.
47. Raynauld JP, Buckland-Wright C, Ward R, et al. Safety and efficacy of long-term intra-articular steroid injections in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:370-377.
48. Kirwan JR, Rankin E. Intra-articular therapy in osteoarthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheumatol. 1997;11:769-794.
49. Moskowitz RW. Hyaluronic acid supplementation. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2000;2:466-471.
50. Altman RD, Moskowitz RW. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Hyalgan Study Group. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:2203-2212.
51. Hochberg MC. Role of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in medical management of osteoarthritis of the knee. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2000;30:2-10.
52. Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Understanding fibromyalgia: lessons from the broader pain research community. J Pain. 2009;10:777-791.
53. Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38:19-28.
54. Goldenberg DL. Fibromyalgia syndrome a decade later: what have we learned? Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:777-785.
55. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum. 1990; 33:160-172.
56. Hudson JI, Goldenberg DL, Pope HG, Jr., Keck PE, Jr., Schlesinger L. Comorbidity of fibromyalgia with medical and psychiatric disorders. Am J Med. 1992;92:363-367.
57. Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM. The fibromyalgia impact questionnaire: development and validation. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:728-733.
58. Wigers SH, Stiles TC, Vogel PA. Effects of aerobic exercise versus stress management treatment in fibromyalgia. A 4.5 year prospective study. Scand J Rheumatol. 1996;25:77-86.
59. Peters S, Stanley I, Rose M, Kaney S, Salmon P. A randomized controlled trial of group aerobic exercise in primary care patients with persistent, unexplained physical symptoms. Fam Pract. 2002;19:665-674.
60. Schachter CL, Busch AJ, Peloso PM, Sheppard MS. Effects of short versus long bouts of aerobic exercise in sedentary women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther. 2003;83:340-358.
61. Fitzcharles MA, Esdaile JM. Nonphysician practitioner treatments and fibromyalgia syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:937-940.
62. Mease PJ, Choy EH. Pharmacotherapy of fibromyalgia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2009 May;35(2):359-372.
63. Carette S, Bell MJ, Reynolds WJ, et al. Comparison of amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine, and placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia. A randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:32-40.
64. Arnold LM, Hess EV, Hudson JI, et. Al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, flexible-dose study of fluoxetine in the treatment of women with fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2002;112:191-197.
65. Patkar AA, Masand PS, Krulewicz S, et. al. A randomized, controlled, trial of controlled release paroxetine in fibromyalgia. Am J Med. 2007;120:448-454.
66. Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, Wohlreich M, et al. A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:2974-2984.
67. Clauw DJ, Mease P, Palmer RH, et al. Milnacipran for the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults: a 15-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple-dose clinical trial. Clin Ther. 2008;30(11):1988-2004.
68. Crofford LJ, Rowbotham MC, Mease PJ, et. al. Pregabalin 1008-105 Study Group. Pregabalin for the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:1264-1273.
69. Arnold LM, Goldenberg DL, Stanford SB, et. al. Gabapentin in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:1336-1344.
70. Holman AJ, Myers RR. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of pramipexole, a dopamine agonist, in patients with fibromyalgia receiving concomitant medications. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:2495-2505.
71. Russell IJ, Fletcher EM, Michalek JE, McBroom PC, Hester GG. Treatment of primary fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome with ibuprofen and alprazolam. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:552-560.
72. Bennett RM, Schein J, Kosinski MR, et. al. Impact of fibromyalgia pain on health-related quality of life before and after treatment with tramadol/acetaminophen. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:519-527.
73. Travell J, Simons DG. Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1983.
74. Alvarez DJ, Rockwell PG. Trigger points: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65:653-660.
75. Garvey TA, Marks MR, Wiesel SW. A prospective, randomized, doubleblind evaluation of trigger-point injection therapy for low-back pain. Spine. 1989;14:962-964.
76. Scher HI, Stewart WF, Liberman J, Lipton RB. Prevalence of recurrent headache in population sample. Headache. 1998;38:497-506.
77. Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Goadsby PJ. Headache in Clinical Practice. Oxford, UK: Isis Medical Media; 1998.
78. Classification and diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society. Cephalalgia. 1988;8 Suppl 7:1-96.
79. Spierings EL, Schroevers M, Honkoop PC, Sorbi M. Presentation of chronic daily headache: a clinical study. Headache. 1998;38:191-196.
80. Manzoni GC, MIcieli G. Daily chronic headache. Classification and clinical features: observation on 250 patients. Cephalalgia. 1987;7:169-170.
81. Kaniecki R. Headache assessment and management. JAMA. 2003;289: 1430-1433.
82. Diamond S, Dalessio DJ, eds. The Practicing Physician’s Approach to Headache. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1992.
83. Wiedemann E, Unger J, Blair S, Firesen C, Hart C, Cady R. An open-label study to assess changes in efficacy and satisfaction with migraine care when patients have access to multiple sumatriptan succinate formulations. Clin Ther. 2003;25:235-246.
84. Raskin NH. Headache. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1988.
85. Bigal ME, Rapoport AM, Hargreaves R. Advances in the pharmacologic treatment of tension-type headache. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2008;12(6):442-446.
86. Holroyd KA, O’Donnell FJ, Stensland M, et al. Management of chronic tension-type headache with tricyclic antidepressant medication, stress management therapy, and their combination: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;285:2208-2215.  
87. Saper JR, Silberstein SD, Lake AE, 3rd, Winters ME. Double-blind trial of fluoxetine: chronic daily headache and migraine. Headache. 1994;34: 497-502.
88. Foster CA, Bafaloukos J. Paroxetine in the treatment of chronic daily headache. Headache. 1994;34:587-589.  
89. Bendtsen J, Jensen R, Olesen J. A nonselective (amitriptyline), but not a selective (citalopram) serotonin reuptake inhibitor is effective in the prophylactic treatment of chronic tension-type headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1996;61.
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91. Schulte-Mattler WJ, Leinisch E. Evidence based medicine on the use of botulinum toxin for headache disorders. J Neural Transm. 2008;115(4):647-651.