Osteoarthritis Pain

Introduction

Pain from osteoarthritis (OA) is typically characterized as deep, aching, and poorly localized; usual sites of involvement include the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints and the first metacarpal joint of the hand; the lumbar and cervical spine and weight-bearing joints (e.g., knees, hips and ankles). The etiology of the pain is not always obvious, although there is some evidence that inflammation and muscle spasm may contribute. The pain is exacerbated by activity, and as the disease progresses, continued loss of cartilage is a contributing factor to worsening pain. In severe cases, pain may occur with minimal joint motion or even at rest. Accurate assessment and management of pain requires differentiation of the types and causes of the pain, and an understanding of the patient’s willingness to adhere to therapy and remain active.³⁸