Overview & Needs Assesment

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2. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm.
3. Blay SL, Andreoli SB, Gastal FL. Chronic painful physical conditions, disturbed sleep and psychiatric morbidity: results from an elderly survey. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul-Sep;19(3):169-174.
4. Von Korff M, Lin EH, Fenton JJ, Saunders K. Frequency and priority of pain patients' health care use. Clin J Pain. 2007 Jun;23(5):400-408.
5. Stewart, W.F., Ricci, J.A., Chee, E., Morganstein, D., & Lipton, R. (2003). Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(18), 2443-2454.

Module 5

1. Helme RD, Gibson SJ. Pain in Older People. In: Crombie IK, ed. Epidemiology of Pain. Seattle: IASP Press; 1999:103-112.
2. Gagliese L. Pain and aging: the emergence of a new subfield of pain research. J Pain. 2009;10(4):343-353.
3. Gibson SJ, Helme RD. Age-related differences in pain perception and report. Clin Geriatr Med. 2001;17:433-456.
4. Lövheim H, Sandman PO, Kallin K, Karlsson S, Gustafson Y. Poor staff awareness of analgesic treatment jeopardises adequate pain control in the care of older people. Age Ageing. 2006;35(3):257-261.
5. Bernabei R, Gambassi G, Lapane K, et al. Management of pain in elderly patients with cancer. SAGE Study Group. Systematic Assessment of Geriatric Drug Use via Epidemiology. JAMA. 1998;279:1877-1882.
6. Schilling ML. Pain management in older adults. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003;5:55-61.
7. Kelley AS, Siegler EL, Reid MC. Pitfalls and recommendations regarding the management of acute pain among hospitalized patients with dementia. Pain Med. 2008;9(5):581-586.
8. Quiton RL, Roys SR, Zhuo J, Keaser ML, Gullapalli RP, Greenspan JD. Age-related changes in nociceptive processing in the human brain. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007;1097:175-178.
9. Gagliese L. Assessment of pain in elderly people. In: Turk DC, Melzack R, eds. Handbook of Pain Assessment. New York: Guilford Press; 2001:119-131.
10. The management of persistent pain in older persons. AGS Panel on Persistent Pain in Older Persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:S205-224.
11. The management of chronic pain in older persons. AGS Panel on Chronic Pain in Older Persons. American Geriatrics Society. Geriatrics. 1998;53(Suppl 3): S6-24.
12. Lawhorne L, Passerini J, Cranmer K, et al. Chronic Pain Management in the Long-Term Care Setting. Columbia, MD: American Medical Directors Association; 1999.
13. Hadjistavropoulos T, Herr K, Turk DC, et al. An interdisciplinary expert consensus statement on assessment of pain in older persons. Clin J Pain. 2007;23(1 Suppl):S1-43.
14. Charette SL, Ferrell BA. Rheumatic diseases in the elderly: assessing chronic pain. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2007 Feb;33(1):109-122.
15. Herr K. Pain assessment in cognitively impaired older adults. Am J Nurs. 2002;102:65-67.
16. Ferrell BA. Pain management. Clin Geriatr Med. 2000;16:853-874.
17. Helme RD, Katz B, Gibson SJ, et al. Multidisciplinary pain clinics for older people. Do they have a role? Clin Geriatr Med. 1996;12:563-582.
18. McDonald DD, Shea M, Fedo J, Rose L, Bacon K, Noble K, Stewart J. Older adult pain communication and the Brief Pain Inventory Short Form. Pain Manag Nurs. 2008;9(4):154-159.
19. van Herk R, van Dijk M, Baar FP, Tibboel D, de Wit R. Observation scales for pain assessment in older adults with cognitive impairments or communication difficulties. Nurs Res. 2007;56(1):34-43.
20. Screening for depression: recommendations and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:760-764.
21. Zwakhalen SM, Hamers JP, Peijnenburg RH, Berger MP. Nursing staff knowledge and beliefs about pain in elderly nursing home residents with dementia. Pain Res Manag. 2007;12(3):177-184.
22. Nygaard HA, Jarland M. Are nursing home patients with dementia diagnosis at increased risk for inadequate pain treatment? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;20(8):730-737.
23. Stein WM. Pain in the nursing home. Clin Geriatr Med. 2001;17:575-594.
24. Sengstaken EA, King SA. The problems of pain and its detection among geriatric nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993;41:541-544.
25. Herr K, Coyne PJ, Key T, Manworren R, McCaffery M, Merkel S, Pelosi-Kelly J, Wild L American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Manag Nurs. 2006;7(2):44-52.
26. Bjoro K, Herr K. Assessment of pain in the nonverbal or cognitively impaired older adult. Clin Geriatr Med. 2008;24(2):237-62, vi.
27. Hirano PC, Laurent DD, Lorig K. Arthritis patient education studies, 1987-1991: a review of the literature. Patient Educ Couns. 1994;24:9-54.
28. Taal E, Rasker JJ, Wiegman O. Group education for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1997;26:805-816.
29. Weinberger M, Tierney WM, Booher P, Katz BP. Can the provision of information to patients with osteoarthritis improve functional status? A randomized, controlled trial. Arth Rheum. 1989;32:1577-1583.
30. Mazzuca SA, Brandt KD, Katz BP, Chambers M, Byrd D, Hanna M. Effects of self-care education on the health status of inner-city patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthr Rheum. 1997;40:1466-1474.
31. Reid MC, Papaleontiou M, Ong A, Breckman R, Wethington E, Pillemer K. Self-management strategies to reduce pain and improve function among older adults in community settings: a review of the evidence. Pain Med. 2008;9(4):409-424.
32. Integration of behavioral and relaxation approaches into the treatment of chronic pain and insomnia. NIH Technology Assessment Panel on Integration of Behavioral and Relaxation Approaches into the Treatment of Chronic Pain and Insomnia. JAMA.1996;276:313-318.
33. Keefe FJ, Caldwell DS, Williams DA, et al. Pain coping skills training in the management of osteoarthritis knee pain I: a comparative study. Behav Ther. 1990;21:49-62.
34. Keefe FJ, Caldwell DS, Williams DA, et al. Pain coping skills training in the management of osteoarthritis knee pain II: follow up results. Behav Ther. 1990;21:435-447.
35. Ettinger WH, Jr., Burns R, Messier SP, et al. A randomized trial comparing aerobic exercise and resistance exercise with a health education program in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. The Fitness Arthritis and Seniors Trial (FAST). JAMA.1997;277:25.
36. Ferrell BA, Josephson KR, Pollan AM, Loy S, Ferrell BR. A randomized trial of walking versus physical methods for chronic pain management. Aging (Milano). 1997;9:99-105.
37. Gloth FM. Pain management in older adults: prevention and treatment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:188-199.
38. McLean AJ, Le Couteur DG. Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 2004;56(2):163-184.
39. Bressler R, Bahl JJ. Principles of drug therapy for the elderly patient. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78(12):1564-1577.
40. Pergolizzi J, Böger RH, Budd K, et al. Opioids and the management of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an International Expert Panel with focus on the six clinically most often used World Health Organization Step III opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone). Pain Pract. 2008;8(4):287-313.
41. Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43: 1905-1915.
42. Simon LS, Lipman AG, Jacox A, et al. Guideline for the management of pain in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and juvenile chronic arthritis. 2nd ed. Glenview, IL: American Pain Society; 2002.
43. Hylek EM, Heiman H, Skates SJ, Sheehan MA, Singer DE. Acetaminophen and other risk factors for excessive warfarin anticoagulation. JAMA. 1998;279:657-662.
44. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: A randomized controlled trial. Celecoxib Long-term Arthritis Safety Study. JAMA. 2000;284: 1247-1255.
45. Mukherjee D, Nissen SE, Topol EJ. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. JAMA. 2001;286:954-959.
46. McGettigan P, Henry D. Cardiovascular risk and inhibition of cyclooxygenase: a systematic review of the observational studies of selective and nonselective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2. JAMA. 2006;296:1633-1644.
47. Sowers JR, White WB, Pitt B, Whelton A, Simon LS, Winer N, Kivitz A, van Ingen H, Brabant T, Fort JG; Celecoxib, Rofecoxib Efficacy and Safety in Comorbidities Evaluation Trial (CRESCENT) Investigators. The Effects of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension, osteoarthritis, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Jan 24;165(2):161-168.
48. Gladding PA, Webster MW, Farrell HB, et al. The antiplatelet effect of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their pharmacodynamic interaction with aspirin in healthy volunteers. Am J Cardiol. 2008 Apr 1;101(7):1060-1063.
49. American Pain Society. Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain (6th ed). Glenview, IL: American Pain Society, 2008.
50. Portenoy RK, Payne R, Passik S: Acute and chronic pain. In Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Substance Abuse. Fourth Edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 2005:863-903.
51. Forman WB. Opioid Analgesic Drugs in the Elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 1996;12:489-500.
52. Bryson J, Tamber A, Seccareccia D, Zimmermann C. Methadone for treatment of cancer pain. Curr Oncol Rep. 2006;8:282-288.
53. Fine PG, Portenoy RK, and the Ad Hoc Expert Panel on Evidence Review and Guidelines for Opioid Rotation. Establishing “best practices” for opioid rotation: conclusions of an expert panel. J Pain Symptom Manage. In press.
54. Lussier D, Portenoy RK: Adjuvant analgesics. In Hanks G, Cherny NI, Christakis N, Fallon M, Kaasa S, Portenoy RK (eds): Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine. Fourth Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press.
55. McClain BC, Green CR. Pediatric and geriatric medication considerations. In: Tollison CD, Satterwaite JR, Tollison JW, eds. Practical Pain Management. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:288-313.
56. Gennari C. Analgesic effect of calcitonin in osteoporosis. Bone. 2002;30: 67S-70S.