Overview & Needs Assesment

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2. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus.htm.
3. Blay SL, Andreoli SB, Gastal FL. Chronic painful physical conditions, disturbed sleep and psychiatric morbidity: results from an elderly survey. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2007 Jul-Sep;19(3):169-174.
4. Von Korff M, Lin EH, Fenton JJ, Saunders K. Frequency and priority of pain patients' health care use. Clin J Pain. 2007 Jun;23(5):400-408.
5. Stewart, W.F., Ricci, J.A., Chee, E., Morganstein, D., & Lipton, R. (2003). Lost productive time and cost due to common pain conditions in the US workforce. Journal of the American Medical Association, 290(18), 2443-2454.

Module 3

1. Jacox A, Carr DB, Payne R, et al. Management of Cancer Pain. Clinical Practice Guideline No. 9. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1994. AHCPR 94-0592.
2. Von Roenn JH, Cleeland CS, Gonin R, Hatfield AK, Pandya KJ. Physician attitudes and practice in cancer pain management. A survey from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:121-126.
3. Breuer B, Pappagallo M, Tai JY, Portenoy RK: U.S. Board-Certified Pain Physician Practices: Uniformity and Census Data of Their Locations. J Pain. 2006;8;244-250.
4. Burgess DJ, Crowley-Matoka M, Phelan S, et al. Patient race and physicians' decisions to prescribe opioids for chronic low back pain. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(11):1852-1860.
5. Safdar B, Heins A, Homel P, et al. Impact of physician and patient gender on pain management in the emergency department--a multicenter study. Pain Med. 2009;10(2):364-372.
6. McNeill JA, Reynolds J, Ney ML. Unequal quality of cancer pain management: disparity in perceived control and proposed solutions. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2007;34(6):1121-1128.
7. Deandrea S, Montanari M, Moja L, Apolone G. Prevalence of undertreatment in cancer pain. A review of published literature. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(12):1985-1991.
   
8. Anand KJ. Consensus statement for the prevention and management of pain in the newborn. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:173-180.
9. Taddio A, Shah V, Gilbert-MacLeod C, Katz J. Conditioning and hyperalgesia in newborns exposed to repeated heel lances. JAMA. 2002;288:857-861.
10. Definitions Related to the Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Pain. American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Pain Society, and the American Society of Addiction Medicine[consensus document]. Available at: http://www.asam. org/pain/definitions2.pdf. Accessed March 4, 2003.
11. Portenoy RK, Payne R, Passik S: Acute and chronic pain. In Lowinson JH, Ruiz P, Millman RB, eds. Comprehensive Textbook of Substance Abuse. Fourth Edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 2005:863-903.
    
12. American Pain Society. Chronic Pain in America: Roadblocks to Relief. Survey Highlights. Roper Starch Worldwide Inc. [telephone survey]. February 19, 1999. Available at: http://www.ampainsoc.org/whatsnew/toc_road.htm#toc. Accessed January 17, 2003.
13. Dawson R, Spross JA, Jablonski ES, et al. Probing the paradox of patients’ satisfaction with inadequate pain management. J Symptom Pain Manag. 2002;23:211-220.
14. Dawson R, Sellers DE, Spross JA, et al. Do patients' beliefs act as barriers to effective pain management behaviors and outcomes in patients with cancer-related or noncancer-related pain? Oncol Nurs Forum. 2005;32(2):363-374.
15. Hutchinson A. Statement of Asa Hutchinson, Administrator, Drug Enforcement Administration, Before the House Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State, and Judiciary. Executive Summary. Drug Enforcement Administration [Congressional statement.]. December 11, 2001. Available at: http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/cngrtest/ct121101.html. Accessed January 17, 2003.
    
16. Joranson DE, Gilson AM, Ryan KM, Maurer MA, J.A. N, Nelson JM. Achieving balance in federal and state pain policy: a guide to evaluation. Pain & Policy Studies Group, University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center[Online report]. Available at: http://www.medsch.wisc.edu/painpolicy/eguide2000/index.html. Accessed February 20, 2003.
17. Joranson DE, Carrow GM, Ryan KM, et al. Pain management and prescription monitoring. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2002;23:231-238.
18. Gilson AM, Joranson DE, Maurer MA, Ryan KM, Garthwaite JP. Progress to achieve balanced state policy relevant to pain management and palliative care: 2000-2003. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2005;19(1):13-26.
19. Portenoy RK. Opioid therapy for chronic nonmalignant pain: clinician’s perspective. J Law Med Ethics.1996;24:296-330.
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21. World Health Organization. Cancer Pain Relief with a Guide to Opioid Availability. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1996.
22. American Pain Society. Principles of Analgesic Use in the Treatment of Acute Pain and Cancer Pain (6th ed). Glenview, IL: American Pain Society, 2008.
23. The management of persistent pain in older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50:S205-S224.
24. American Pain Society, American Academy of Pain Medicine, and American Society of Addiction Medicine. The Use of Opioids for the Treatment of Chronic Pain [consensus statement]. Available at: http://www.ampainsoc. org/advocacy/opioids.htm. Accessed January 17, 2003.
25. Model Guidelines for the Use of Controlled Substances for the Treatment of Pain. The Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States Inc.[Electronic document]. May, 2004 Available at: http://www.fsmb.org. Accessed November 17, 2005.
26. Bartel J, Beasley J, Berry PH, et al. Approaches to Pain Management. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; 2003.
27. Bonham VL. Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment. J Law Med Ethics. 2001;29:52-68.
28. Morrison RS, Wallenstein S, Natale DK, Senzel RS, Huang LL. “We don’t carry that” —failure of pharmacies in predominantly nonwhite neighborhoods to stock opioid analgesics. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:1023-1026.
29. Kirsh KL, Whitcomb LA, Donaghy K, Passik SD. Abuse and addiction issues in medically ill patients with pain: attempts at clarification of terms and empirical study. Clin J Pain. 2002;18:S52-60.
30. Dumas LG, Ramadurai M. Pain management in the nursing home. Nurs Clin North Am. 2009 Jun;44(2):197-208.
31. Todd KH, Samaroo N, Hoffman JR. Ethnicity as a risk factor for inadequate emergency department analgesia. JAMA.1993;269:1537-1539.
32. Todd KH, Lee T, Hoffman JR. The effect of ethnicity on physician estimates of pain severity in patients with isolated extremity trauma. JAMA. 1994;271:925-928.
33. Karpman RR, Del Mar N, Bay C. Analgesia for emergency centers’ orthopaedic patients: does an ethnic bias exist? Clin Orthop. 1997:270-275.
34. Ezenwa MO, Ameringer S, Ward SE, Serlin RC. Racial and ethnic disparities in pain management in the United States. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2006;38(3):225-233.
35. Bates MS, Edwards WT, Anderson KO. Ethnocultural influences on variation in chronic pain perception. Pain. 1993;52:101-112.
36. Moore R, Brodsgaard I, Miller ML, Mao TK, Dworkin SF. Consensus analysis: reliability, validity, and informant accuracy in use of American and Mandarin Chinese pain descriptors. Ann Behav Med. 1997;19:295-300.
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38. Smedley B, Stith A, Nelson A, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2002.