Physical activity can help osteoporosis patients gain improvement in muscle strength and cardiovascular endurance, and can reduce functional decline. Benefits from regular exercise include improved bone health, both psychological and cognitive benefits, and enhanced quality of life. Adequate intakes of calcium, vitamin D and protein are also an important component of the rehabilitation program. Dietary calcium and vitamin D have been shown to help preserve bone mass and bone strength and should be considered in all elderly patients and in those patients suspected to be vitamin D deficient. Osteoporosis is a disease with psychosocial consequences, and therefore, a psychological assessment is integral to the rehabilitation of any patient with osteoporosis and is an important component of the overall management plan. An effective pain management plan following fractures through a variety of physical, pharmacological and behavioral techniques should be implemented with close monitoring of side effects, such as disorientation or sedation that may lead to falls.