Although osteoporosis in men is often ascribed to both genetic and aging factors, secondary risk factors identified are summarized in the table, Risk Factors for Osteoporosis in Men. Additional risk factors for osteoporosis in men are glucocorticoid use and alchoholism, with the latter identified as a factor in 15% to 20% of men with osteoporosis.^14,15 Less frequent causes include Cushing’s disease, chronic liver or kidney disease, low body mass index, pernicious anemia and gastric resection.¹⁶ Yet even with a comprehensive evaluation, approximately 40% of men with osteoporosis have no identifiable risk factor or cause.^17,18