|
1. Bone health and osteoporosis:
A report of the Surgeon General.Rockville, MD:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services;
2004. http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/bonehealth/. |
2. Solomon DH, Finkelstein
JS, Katz JN, Mogun H, Avorn J. Underuse of osteoporosis
medications in elderly patients with fractures. Am
J Med. 2003;115:398-400. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=pubmed. |
3. Andrade SE, Majumdar
SR, Chan KA, et al. Low frequency of treatment
of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women following
a fracture. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2052-2057. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14504118. |
4. Kiebzak GM, Beinart
GA, Perser K, Ambrose CG, Siff SJ, Heggeness
MH. Undertreatment of osteoporosis in men with
hip fracture. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:2217-2222. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12390065. |
| 5. Kamel HK, Hussain
MS, Tariq S, Perry HM, Morley JE. Failure to
diagnose and treat osteoporosis in elderly patients
hospitalized with hip fracture. Am J Med.
2000;109:326-328. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10996585. |
6. Feldstein A, Elmer PJ,
Orwoll E, Herson M, Hillier T. Bone mineral
density measurement and treatment for osteoporosis
in older individuals with fractures: a gap in
evidence-based practice guideline implementation. Arch
Intern Med. 2003;163:2165-2172. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14557214. |
7. Hodgson SF, Watts NB,
Bilezikian JP, et al. American Association of
Clinical Endocrinologists 2001 Medical Guidelines
for Clinical Practice for the Prevention and
Management of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Endocr
Pract. 2001;7:293-312. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14715483. |
8. Assessment of fracture
risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal
osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World
Health Organ Tech Rep Ser.1994;843:1-129. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7941614. |
9. Osteoporosis: review
of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and
treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis. Introduction. Osteoporos
Int.1998;8:Suppl 4(S1-S88). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10197173. |
10. Manolagas SC. Birth
and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms
and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment
of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. 2000;21:115-137. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10782361. |
11. Riggs BL, Melton LJ,
3rd, O’Fallon WM. Drug therapy for vertebral
fractures in osteoporosis: evidence that decreases
in bone turnover and increases in bone mass
both determine antifracture efficacy. Bone.
1996;18:197S-201S. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8777088. |
12. Garnero P, Hausherr
E, Chapuy MC, et al. Markers of bone resorption
predict hip fracture in elderly women: the EPIDOS
Prospective Study. J Bone Miner Res.
1996;11:1531-1538. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8889854. |
13. Miller PD, Baran DT,
Bilezikian JP, et al. Practical clinical application
of biochemical markers of bone turnover: Consensus
of an expert panel. J Clin Densitom. 1999;2:323-342. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10548827. |
14. Dempster DW. The impact
of bone turnover and bone-active agents on bone
quality: focus on the hip. Osteoporos Int.
2002;13:349-352. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12086343. |
15. Khosla S, Kleerekoper
M. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. In:
Favus M, ed. Primer on Metabolic Bone Disease
and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. 5th ed.
Kelseyville, CA: American Society for Bone and
Mineral Research; 2002:166-171. |
16. Hodgson SF, Watts NB,
Bilezikian JP, et al. American Association of
Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines
for clinical practice for the prevention and
treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2001
edition, with selected updates for 2003. Endocr
Pract. 2003;9:544-564. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14715483. |
17. Martin RB, Burr DB,
Sharkey NB. Skeletal Tissue Mechanics.New York:Springer-Verlag;
1998. |
18. Cummings SR, Karpf
DB, Harris F, et al. Improvement in spine bone
density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures
during treatment with antiresorptive drugs. Am
J Med. 2002;112:281-289. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11893367. |
19. Wasnich RD, Miller
PD. Antifracture efficacy of antiresorptive
agents are related to changes in bone density. J
Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:231-236. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10634392. |
20. Watts NB, Cooper C,
Lindsay R, et al. Relationship between changes
in bone mineral density and vertebral fracture
risk associated with risedronate: greater increases
in bone mineral density do not relate to greater
decreases in fracture risk. J Clin Densitom.
2004;7:255-261. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15319494. |
21. Hochberg MC, Greenspan
S, Wasnich RD, Miller P, Thompson DE, Ross PD.
Changes in bone density and turnover explain
the reductions in incidence of nonvertebral
fractures that occur during treatment with antiresorptive
agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:1586-1592. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11932287. |
22. Cummings SR, Black
DM, Thompson DE, et al. Effect of alendronate
on risk of fracture in women with low bone density
but without vertebral fractures: results from
the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA.
1998;280:2077-2082. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=9875874. |
23. Sarkar S, Mitlak BH,
Wong M, Stock JL, Black DM, Harper KD. Relationships
between bone mineral density and incident vertebral
fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J
Bone Miner Res. 2002;17:1-10. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11771654. |
24. Dufresne TE, Chmielewski
PA, Manhart MD, Johnson TD, Borah B. Risedronate
preserves bone architecture in early postmenopausal
women in 1 year as measured by three-dimensional
microcomputed tomography. Calcif Tissue
Int. 2003;73:423-432. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12964065. |
25. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. NIH Consensus Statement. 2000;17:1-45. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11525451. |
|