Screening recommendations in postmenopausal women have been developed by government and private organizations, many of which recommend BMD screening in women at risk for osteoporosis. The NOF, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommend that all Caucasian women aged > 65 years be offered BMD screening (Table).^10-15 In postmenopausal women with a history of fragility fracture, BMD measurements are not required for a clinical diagnosis of osteoporosis. In these instances, BMD measurements are useful in establishing a baseline for assessing the response to treatment and quantifying fracture risk. ISCD guidelines also address BMD testing in men.